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Post  Levent Suberk Tue Feb 12, 2019 1:50 pm

I bought 1 liter 10% oil RC car nitro fuel. I want to increase it's oil content to 20% from 10%, so I find this formula to increase castor oil:

((B% - A%) + 100)(B% ÷ 10) - (A% x 10)

B% = Oil percentage wanted to reach
A% = Existent oil percentage of fuel

Example: We have 1 liter fuel contain 12% oil. We want to increase it's percent to 20%, so how much castor oil we need to add?

((20 - 12) + 100)(20 ÷ 10) - (12 x 10) = 96

96 cc (ml) castor oil need to be added to 1 liter 12% oil fuel to bring the oil percentage to 20%.

If you want to get result in cc (ml) for 1 quart fuel, then multiply the result by .946 . For example multiply the result at above: 96 x .946 = 90.8 cc (ml) castor oil need to be added to 1 quart fuel contain 12% oil to get 20% oil content.

If you want to get result in fl. oz for 1 quart fuel, then multiply the result by .032 . For example multiply the result at above: 96 x .032 = 3.07 fl. oz castor oil need to be added to 1 quart fuel contain 12% oil to get 20% oil content.

Of course nitro percentage will be a little lowered.

(1 pint = 1/2 quart, 1 gallon = 4 quart)


Last edited by Levent Suberk on Sun Apr 14, 2019 3:58 am; edited 1 time in total (Reason for editing : Spell)
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Post  crankbndr Tue Feb 12, 2019 2:19 pm

I have always struggled with algebra except for some very basic formulas.
I got similar results using basic arithmetic.


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Post  getback Tue Feb 12, 2019 2:31 pm

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Post  NEW222 Tue Feb 12, 2019 5:30 pm

I also like the one Eric posted. Also to note, here is another one on Cox Internationals website below. Near the bottom of page 1, there is a link for a spreadsheet in BLUE

https://coxengines.ca/files/FG.pdf
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Post  944_Jim Tue Feb 12, 2019 5:38 pm

I know I posted the fuel calculator some place. Either here, RCG, or SH.

It does quarts based on two known fuels' content of nitro, methanol, oil...with oil as a percentage of synth/castor.

In go all of the knowns, and out pops the required castor to make 32 oz. For a single fuel, you out it in both fuel sections.

ISTR it is in RCG's 1/2A section. I also redid the numbers for 8 oz. PM your email address so I can send the 8 oz spreadsheet.


Just.found it again:
http://web2.murraystate.edu/andy.batts/ps/fuel.htm


Last edited by 944_Jim on Tue Feb 12, 2019 5:40 pm; edited 1 time in total (Reason for editing : Added link.to calculator)
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Post  Oldenginerod Tue Feb 12, 2019 7:21 pm

getback wrote:i have used this   http://www.nitrorc.com/fuelws/oilonly.asp
Yep, I vote for this one as well.. Works a treat.
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Post  fredvon4 Wed Feb 13, 2019 11:02 am

The fly in the soup is--- we do all this math...metric or imperial to liquid VOLUMES

But many of the commercial R/C aero and car fuels mix by component weight....

Randy Smith has done a lot of boil down tests to see what the actual oil content is in volume

example he finds fuel labeled as 18% oil is really 14%

also most commercial fuels will not disclose oil synh vs castor ratios

good news is MOST (nat all) glow engines are not really picky if the components are close....

a broken in Fox 35 does not really care if oil is 22%(50 50), 25%(30 70), or 28%(10 90)
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Post  Levent Suberk Wed Feb 13, 2019 12:56 pm

Fred, I did not understand that you meant oz or fl oz? I need to calculate the ingredients by weight or by volume?
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Post  getback Wed Feb 13, 2019 1:07 pm

Levent i ran the numbers through the Nitro calculator here is the results by Eric Perez


NitroRC.com Custom Fuel Blend Recipe:

According to the figures you just gave us, your current fuel has, 20% nitro content and 10% oil content, leaving 70% methanol.

You have indicated that you wish to increase your oil content by 10% to a new total of 20%

In order to accomplish this you will simply need to add 4.1 ounces of castor/synthetic oil to your 33.814 ounces of fuel.

When you're done, you should end up with 37.9 ounces (0.3 gallons) of newly blended, custom fuel.


Custom Blend Results
Starting Nitro: 20%
- - - - - - - -

Ending Nitro: 17.8%
Starting Oil: 10% Add oz Oil: 4.1 Ending Oil: 20%
Starting Mthnl:

70%
- - - - - - - -

Ending Mthnl: 62.2%
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Post  getback Wed Feb 13, 2019 1:09 pm

If you play with it some Erase the number there and calculate the new ones , its easy to use.  Very Happy  http://www.nitrorc.com/fuelws/oilonly.asp


Last edited by getback on Wed Feb 13, 2019 1:11 pm; edited 1 time in total (Reason for editing : change meaning)
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Post  Levent Suberk Wed Feb 13, 2019 1:18 pm

getback wrote:Levent i ran the numbers through the Nitro calculator here is the results  by Eric Perez


NitroRC.com Custom Fuel Blend Recipe:

According to the figures you just gave us, your current fuel has, 20% nitro content and 10% oil content, leaving 70% methanol.

You have indicated that you wish to increase your oil content by 10% to a new total of 20%

In order to accomplish this you will simply need to add 4.1 ounces of castor/synthetic oil to your 33.814 ounces of fuel.

When you're done, you should end up with 37.9 ounces (0.3 gallons) of newly blended, custom fuel.


Custom Blend Results
Starting Nitro: 20%
- - - - - - - -

Ending Nitro: 17.8%
Starting Oil: 10% Add oz Oil: 4.1 Ending Oil: 20%
Starting Mthnl:

70%
- - - - - - - -

Ending Mthnl: 62.2%

Thanks. In example it is 12% to 20%, not 10% to 20%.
Calculator give 3.1 oz result for 12% to 20%, and my calculating result is 3.07 fl. oz, so nothing is wrong I think. Very Happy
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Post  fredvon4 Wed Feb 13, 2019 2:05 pm

Point I was trying to make is we NEED to know if the commercial fuel was blended by weight or volume

In you example the bottle claims 10% oil.... BUT is it?

especially with respect to R/C car fuels, Randy Smith can demonstrate that many who claim 18% Oil are really 14%...this is well documented

some light reading

https://stunthanger.com/smf/engine-set-up-tips/fuel-mix-how-is-weight-vs-volume-different/
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Post  Levent Suberk Wed Feb 13, 2019 3:10 pm

I don't know, but I think that volume must be used in commercial fuels, because fuel is liquid, not solid. They use quart wording for fuel bottles, but not libres or pounds.

Thanks for link.
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Post  wmazz Fri Feb 15, 2019 10:30 pm

fredvon4 wrote:Point I was trying to make is we NEED to know if the commercial fuel was blended by weight or volume

++1

Levent Suberk wrote:I don't know, but I think that volume must be used in commercial fuels, because fuel is liquid, not solid.

Air-fuel ratio is measured in pounds of air vs pounds of fuel.
Nitro % also changes with temperature.

But many people just use volume because it is simple and
consider it close enough to measuring by weight.


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Post  GallopingGhostler Sat Feb 16, 2019 5:11 am

Here's an interesting article by Duke Fox, maker of the Fox engines and fuel, copied from Model Engine News. It has various typos due to I believe scanning errors with very little proof reading. I've made the corrections, although I may have missed a few.

http://modelenginenews.org/people/duke/dm8908.html

Duke's Mixture wrote:You can drive your car anywhere in our country and fill up your gas tank with any brand fuel, and reasonably expect it to perform about the same as any other brand.

This is because gasoline refining companies have voluntarily established standards on viscosity, flash point, octane, etc., so that just about any automobile produced will run okay on various manufacturers' fuel.

Unfortunately. this is not true in the model airplane business. Commercial model fuels are sold with a variety of types and quantities if of oils, and some measure nitro by weight, some by volume, and some don't seem to measure it at all. The reluctance if of a fuel blender to put his ingredients on the can makes me a bit suspicious that he is trying to hide something - or, perhaps, the absence if of something. I would like to see each blender fuel to voluntarily print on his container just what the ingredients are in his fuel so the modeler know[s] what he is getting. Also, I would like to see the quantities if of each ingredient listed by volume.

All model plane fuel uses commercial methanol as its base. It is commonly known as wood alcohol because it was first produced from wood chips. Now, most if of it is produced from natural gas, I am told. In any event, methanol, when bought in tank car quantities, is quite reasonable in cost. It is not the alcohol that runs up the cost if of model airplane Fuel, it is what you put in it and put it in. While alcohol costs less than $1.00 a gallon, a good oil costs $6.00 to $8.00 a gallon, and nitromethane costs $30.00 to $35.00 a gallon when purchased in quantities. Under the pressure if of competitive pricing, any Fuel blender is constantly tempted to use less and less if of the high priced ingredients and more and more if of the low priced ingredients.

Now, about the ingredients themselves. Methanol is a single chemical, and not a mixture, as gasoline is. The manufacturing plants deliver it 99.9% pure, or better.

About the only thing that can happen to the methanol is if it is sloppily handled, it can be contaminated with water. It only takes a Jew few drops if of water in a gallon if of fuel to produce noticeable flameout tendencies. Likewise, nitromethane is a nearly pure product, and is sold in one grade only. You should note that nitro content by weight will be in the order if 2/3 the quantity as when nitro content is measured by volume. A modern R.C. motor if of a 40 size class requires about 22% oil to be well lubricated and to have a good, long life. Larger motors need less oil, percentage wise, than small ones. The reason being that as the size if of the motor increases, the displacement goes up as the cube, while the area to be lubricated goes up as the square. Thus, a motor with a 1 1/2" bore would be as well lubricated on a 10% oil mix as one with a 3/4" bore would be with a 20% oil mix. Unfortunately, some manufacturers have been delivering fuel with as little as 12% and 13% oil, and recommending it for 40 size motors. The result if of extended use if of such a Fuel is as you would expect, an abnormal rate if of wear in the motor, and on rare occasions, a catastrophic failure.

Over the years a great many different oils have been used in the search for something that works better and costs less than castor oil. The most usual if these are the glycol r\type synthetic lubricants. The glycols have good lubrication qualities, but they have one major shortcoming, and that is that they vaporize at somewhere around 500° F to 550° F. Lawn mowers, outboard motors, and the like are never run hard enough so that this is if any significance.

But a model airplane motor that is run hard could have a piston and wrist pin temperature in a 700° F range, and because if of this, the motor using pure poly-alcaglycol lubricant is almost certain to have catastrophic ring, wrist pin, and upper rod failure. Castor oil is the only oil I know if that will continue to Junction at 800° E F. Synthetic oils if of the phosphate ester type also have this shortcoming.

Other oils that have been used are soybean oil, fish oil, and modified mineral oils, such as turbine oil. I am sure that there are dozens if other oils that different Fuel blenders have tried, and some are using. I would like to point out that lubrication is not the only requirement if of the oil. The rusting if of the steel parts, such as crankshafts and bearings, is also a consideration. Motors that were run 30 and 40 years ago on a straight castor oil, alcohol, nitromethane mix show little rust. Some motors that have come back for repair have the bearings rusted until they are ruined. I have to believe that this was caused by some sort if of a breakdown in some if of the synthetic oils or additives used.

Over the years there have been a lot if of different additives used in model airplane Fuels. Propylene oxide mixes well in Fuel, and it only takes 2% or 3% propylene oxide to very materially improve the idling characteristics if of a motor. However, the government has determined that propylene oxide is a carcinogen (cancer causing agent).

Any blender who now uses propylene oxide is laying himself open to all sorts if lawsuits. Nitroethane is a sister chemical to nitromethane, and while it is not as effective a power additive as nitromethane is, it is very oily, and a very excellent solvent. Nitroethane is a very useful fuel ingredient for motors with an aluminum piston, because it keeps the inside if the motor nice and clean, as well as providing additional lubrication. A motor with an iron piston should not use a Fuel containing nitroethane or synthetic oils because they tend to wash away the glaze castor oil puts on these surfaces, giving their long wearing characteristics.

In summary, what I am saying is that I would like to see all the Fuel manufacturers list the nitro content by volume, give the oil amount and type in percentages by volume, and identify any other additives used. Smaller motors need larger percentages if of oil than large ones.

Good, middle if of the road figures would be 22% for 40 size and under, 18% for 60 size, and less for larger motors. In order to understand the importance of a good oil in model airplane Fuel, I would like to report a conversation I had with a research engineer with one if of the large oil companies. He said that an automobile engine that would normally run 100,000 miles on conventional gasoline would do well to run 2,000 or 3,000 miles on pure methanol because methanol had no lubrication value whatever. The challenge in exploring alcohol based Fuels for automobiles was to bring up the lubrication value if of the alcohol to match gasoline, and it appeared that this could not be done economically. The oil in your Fuel is probably the most important factor in how long your model motor serves you.

Happy Flying, Duke Fox

Extracted from a Fox Manufacturing infomercial, Model Airplane News, August 1989, p49.

I have highlighted Duke's stated preference for manufacturers listing the content of their fuel by volume in blue. I think this is what Sig and may be O'Donnell Fuels do, but I could be wrong. Since fuel ingredients are liquid based I'd think that the automated equipment used to blend the fuel would use volumetric measuring devices (flow meters, etc.) instead of weight measuring devices. (Although I suppose, since I lack knowledge on the specifics of the equipment, that volume could be equivalenced by weight and the jug of fuel placed on a weight scale, and various components of fuel be injected into the jug until its component weight is achieved.)

Also, I have highlighted in red Duke's comments related to why fuel should contain a significant component of Castor oil in it for engine longevity. I have highlighted in orange his comment about not using synthetic oil in iron piston engines because the consensus now is some synthetic content keeps excess Castor varnish down. (I used to regularly disassemble my Cox engines and scrub away this varnish build up that reduced RPMs with steel wool to restore power.) Of course a well worn engine like an old Fox or McCoy may need that varnish to retain compression.
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Post  Levent Suberk Sat Feb 16, 2019 9:23 am

Thanks for this info. In that post Cox fuel mix shown by volume, such as oz/gallon and I understand that oz is fluid ounces in those papers:

https://www.coxengineforum.com/t10910-question-on-fuel?highlight=Cox+fuel
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Post  kevin king Sun Jan 09, 2022 11:24 am

Math is not my friend.🤯
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Post  944_Jim Sun Jan 09, 2022 12:51 pm

kevin king wrote:Math is not my friend.🤯

Yup...and why we use those calculators. As far as weight or liquid volume, I think it is close enough to be close enough. No catastrophic engine runs at my place...and I take whatever the fuel manufacturer says, but consider it more important to ensure any slip in counting favors a castor-content excess. That is for the sake of my one Fix .35, and all the Cox engines I run.

I also play with mixing two fuels to reduce nitro content...which is why I love Andy's calculator. EMMV (everybody's milage may vary).
Smile
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Post  kevin king Sun Jan 09, 2022 7:54 pm

Jim, we can only get R/C type fuel locally, and Ive done a boil down test to confirm what Randy Smith says about the stated oil content vs the real oil content. Even called the company and asked them if they measure by weight or by volume.
So yes, the calculator is a great tool.
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Post  rmjtools Tue Mar 29, 2022 8:16 pm

fredvon4 wrote:The fly in the soup is--- we do all this math...metric or imperial to liquid VOLUMES

But many of the commercial R/C aero and car fuels mix by component weight....

Randy Smith has done a lot of boil down tests to see what the actual oil content is in volume

example he finds fuel labeled as 18% oil is really 14%

also most commercial fuels will not disclose oil synh vs castor ratios

good news is MOST (nat all) glow engines are not really picky if the components are close....

a broken in Fox 35 does not really care if oil is 22%(50 50), 25%(30 70), or 28%(10 90)


I seem to remember Fox Super Fuel was 28% castor. I remember my Fox 35’s loved it and after flying all day the planes were oily mess’s.
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Post  GallopingGhostler Tue Mar 29, 2022 8:52 pm

Some time ago, may be 7 years back, Tower Hobbies (Hobbico) was advertising Cox Fuels, being made by the O'Donnell Fuels subsidy. The problem was it was standard R/C fuel with 2% Castor and 16% Synth. By discussion herein, Bernie of Cox International was made aware, contacted Hobbico directly. Then Tower corrected and started shipping the right formula with 10% Castor and 10% Synth.

I don't have a link but that discussion is here in this forum somewhere.

One model of engine that got a bad wrap was the K&B Sportster Schneurles. They used a different metallurgy for the combustion area. A chrome plated aluminum piston ran in a high silicon sleeveless aluminum crankcase, opposite of your other Schneurles.

Modelers treated the engines as though they were regular ABC engines by running the standard R/C fuel mix. In a lean condition, the piston overheated and without significant Castor protecting, eroded the chrome off the piston, scoring both piston and cylinder, ruining the engine.

This caused word to get out that the engines were bad, why I guess helped to put K&B out of business.

Those who knew how to properly treat the engines, running them on the same fuel as one would the standard iron on steel cross scavenged engines, had reasonable engine life with them. They considered them as the poor man's "4 stroke", because they were able to turn larger props with ease.

Basically, any engine if not properly treated will have shortened life and unsatisfactory results. Yes, sometimes manufacturing defects do occur, and rarer instances with marginal designs, but I wonder sometimes that complaints of a bad engine may be a cover for engine abuse.


Last edited by GallopingGhostler on Thu Mar 31, 2022 1:47 am; edited 1 time in total
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Post  66 Malibu Tue Mar 29, 2022 11:08 pm

Need some advice.
I recently stopped by the local dirt bike ATV emporium and bought some Maxima Castor 927 brand of castor oil.
Does anyone know this product and more importantly will it be good enough for Cox engines etc.?
I found it to be more easily purchased by me and with no shipping costs or lost shipment issues (ups/usps) than my orders from Sig.
I was going to add 2 oz of Castrol 927 to 2 oz Sig AAA to use as 4 oz of additional castor to a quart normal RC Omega 15% N fuel that I have.
Does anyone have any experiences or know of adverse effects to the small guys?
Thanks in advance.
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Post  andrew Wed Mar 30, 2022 12:09 pm

I cannot speak to the Maxima oil, but I have run Klotz BeNOL as an additive for years in both COX and Norvel engines with good results.
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Post  GallopingGhostler Wed Mar 30, 2022 3:47 pm

I downloaded the MSDS (manufacturer's safety data sheets) for both the 927 and Klotz Benol. Flashpoint for the 927 is 424 °F (218 °C). Flashpoint for Benol is 555 °F (291 °C). Why is 927 lower? It contains an additive ester, to make oil mix easier with gasoline or diesel. Benol is refined Castor.

In comparison, Mobil-1 5-30W all synth motor oil has 392°F (200°C) flashpoint.

MSDS Links:

https://maximausa.com/file/18-Castor+927+TDS.pdf
https://www.rockymountainatvmc.com/docs/MSDS_Klotz%20Benol%20Racing%20Castor%202-Stroke%20Oil.pdf
https://sds.exxonmobil.com/IntApps/psims/Download.aspx?ID=744003

Definition of flashpoint:
http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/flashpoint.html

ILPI wrote:Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid can gives off vapor to form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid. The lower the flash point, the easier it is to ignite the material.

Would that stop me from using 927? Its flashpoint is less than Benol, but still greater than synth oil. I would be careful, keep my engines from running lean, and use it all up. Then after, buy Benol or other pure Castor (Sig, Byron, etc.). However, that is for me only.

As in everything, YMMV (your mileage may vary). Smile
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Post  rmjtools Wed Mar 30, 2022 4:04 pm

kevin king wrote:Jim, we can only get R/C type fuel locally, and Ive done a boil down test to confirm what Randy Smith says about the stated oil content vs the real oil content. Even called the company and asked them if they measure by weight or by volume.
So yes, the calculator is a great tool.
Kevin.

If there is one thing I’ll never use is the funny colored “RC Fuel” from the local hobby shops. Since Fox closed up and MECOA has not started producing Fox fuel I’m using Sig fuel as close as I can get to Duke’s formulas.
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